Friday, October 21, 2016

All American Boys, by Jason Reynolds and Brendan Kiley

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Bibliographic Information:
Title:  All American Boys
Author: Jason Reynolds and Brendan Kiley
ISBN: 978-1481463331
Publisher: Atheneum Books for Young Readers
Copyright: 2015

Reader’s Annotation:
When a teenager and a cop are involved in a racially motivated incident, everyone tries to figure out the shades of grey in a black and white situation.

Plot Summary:
It is Friday, and Rashad had to wear his ROTC uniform to school.  He takes clothes to school to change into afterwards, then prepares for a party later that evening.  He decides to stop at a convenience store to buy some chips, and in the store, woman trips over his bag containing his uniform.  A policeman who sees this thinks Rashad has either hurt the woman, attempted to shoplift, or both.  Instead of letting Rashad explain, the cop beats him up.  Rashad, a black teenager, is brutalized by an adult white cop.  Quinn, a white boy from Rashad’s school, prepares to go to the same party Rashad was planning to attend, with his friend Guzzo; they stumble upon the scene at the store.  The cop beating up Rashad is Guzzo’s older brother, Paul.

Rashad is in the hospital, where he is also in custody.  His family is upset, and his father, a former cop, feels certain that Rashad must have done something to bring this upon himself, such as stealing, as the police are suggesting.  Rashad’s older brother Spoony feels this was racially motivated police brutality.  Quinn is conflicted about his feelings, because Paul had been the one to help him heal when his father died, and Guzzo is Quinn’s friend and basketball teammate.

Video footage of the incident recorded on a cell phone is leaked to the media, as are Rashad and Paul’s names.  Quinn goes to a barbeque at Guzzo’s house, where the situation is tense.  In school, everyone is talking about the incident with Rashad and Paul, and the video.  Teachers are refusing to comment or say Rashad’s name, which leads to students making a concerted effort to say Rashad’s name, so that people understand this was a real person this happened to.  Tensions spill onto the basketball court during the team’s practice.  The next day, someone has spray painted “Rashad is absent again today” on the school’s stairs, and this becomes the protest cry of the students.  Quinn watches the video, and can no deny this was a racist act.  The #RashadIsAbsentAgainToday hashtag is flooding social media, and a protest is planned.

Rashad’s father recounts a story from when he was a cop, about passing judgement on a young black boy.  Quinn makes the choice to commit to marching in the protest, and wears a shirt declaring it.  Guzzo cuts off his friendship with Quinn.  Rashad gets discharged from the hospital, and looks up the hashtag on social media.  On Friday, one week after the incident, both Rashad and Quinn go to the protest, during which a list of names of black people who have been killed are read aloud.

Critical Evaluation:
This book was written by two authors, and features two different narrators.  The narrators are both teens, one black and one white, so their narrative voices have important similarities and differences.  Both narrators, Rashad and Quinn, feel authentic; they talk the way real teens talk, the think and worry about typical teen issues, like sports and potential romantic relationships.  Most of Rashad's narrative focuses on his experience and the aftermath.  His perspective is one of the victim, as well as one of a minority group.  He accurately portrays the frustration of having done nothing wrong, and being attacked for the color of his skin.  Quinn, on the other hand, approaches his narrative from the place of privileged as a member of the racial majority.  His narrative focuses on trying to figure out how he should feel about the complex situation.  While I personally would like to have seen Quinn be a stronger character earlier in the book, the struggle to accept the racial injustice is what makes Quinn's story authentic, and it is the part that white readers will relate to.  The narrative neatly switches between the two different perspectives of Rashad and Quinn, neither getting ahead of the other, neither revealing the other's story.  Rashad's narrative was written by Jason Reynolds, while Quinn's was written by Brendan Kiley.  Each author lends their personal experience to their character, creating an authentic voice, while combining for one cohesive, powerful story.

There were a lot of less important characters, at times a bit too many.  Some of the secondary characters, like Jill, Spoony, and Guzzo, are absolutely vital to the story.  However, many other characters are merely mentioned, and not really developed.  It seems that these characters are mentioned to lend to that authentic feeling of teen dialogue and thought processes, such as the other members of the basketball team or the girl Rashad is interested in, but it did seem to clutter the landscape of the story a little.  I would like to have seen a bit more of Jill in the story, since she is most visible female character.  

The story's action begins within the first few pages, when Rashad encounters Paul in the store.  There is a lot of time tracing the tension in Quinn's story, such as the barbeque at Guzzo's house, and the interactions with the basketball team.  Some of Quinn's story could have been tightened up a little, but that slow build helps convey the struggle Quinn faces, accepting something bad about someone he previously saw as a good person.

This book is a strong story written by two different authors, presenting two different perspectives of the same situation.  In general, Jason Reynold's writing is a bit stronger, with the character of Rashad having a more robust narrative voice.  Brendan Kiley presents the story of Quinn in a slower, subtler way.  Despite the differences in authors and narrative characters, both points of view meld together well, for a powerful story.

Author Biography:
Jason Reynolds

The first name bits:
What Jason knows is that there are a lot — A LOT — of people, young, old, and in-between, who hate reading. He knows that many of these book haters are boys. He knows that many of these book-hating boys, don't actually hate books, they hate boredom. If you are reading this, and you happen to be one of these boys, first of all, you're reading this Jason's master plan is already working (muahahahahahaha) and second of all, know that Jason totally feels you. He REALLY does. Because even though he's a writer, he hates reading boring books too. 

So here's what he plans to do: NOT WRITE BORING BOOKS. 

That's it, and that's all. 

Now, for the last name bits:
Reynolds is a graduate of The University of Maryland, College Park. He has been reviewed and profiled in The Washington Post, NPR books, Kirkus, Hornbook, School Library Journal, WNYC, Publisher’s Weekly, Poets & Writers, Gawker, mentioned as a standout in the Wall Street Journal, AM New York, Ebony Magazine, was awarded as a top book of the year by the New York Public Library system, and was the recipient of 2015 Coretta Scott King - John Steptoe Award for New Talent. 

Reynolds is on faculty at Lesley University, for the Writing For Young People MFA Program, and currently resides in Brooklyn, New York.

Brendan Kiley
Brendan Kiely's debut novel, The Gospel of Winter, has been published in eight languages, was selected as one of the American Library Association's Top Ten Best Fiction for Young Adults 2015, and was a Kirkus Reviews selection for the Best of 2014. He is also the co-author, with Jason Reynolds, of the novel All American Boys. Originally from the Boston area, he now lives with his wife in Greenwich Village.

Find out more at www.brendankiely.com.

Genre(s):
Contemporary Realistic Fiction

Curriculum Ties:
 Pennsylvania State Standard CC.1.3.9-10.K
Read and comprehend literary fiction on grade level, reading independently and proficiently.


Booktalk Ideas:
Discuss the Black Lives Matter movement, citing recent news articles

Discuss how the narrators each told the same story from their point of view, and how the narrator’s race impacted that point of view.
          
Reading Level:
Lexile Measure HL770L

Interest Age:
12-17

Challenge Issues:
Race issues, violence, language

If this book were challenged I would:
·         Listen to the concerns of the person raising the challenge
·         Consult the library’s collection development policy
·         Explain how this work meets a library need based on the collection development policy
·         Consult YALSA’s Dealing with Challenges to Young Adult Materials
·         Consult reviews on VOYA, Amazon, Common Sense Media, and Kirkus
·         Discuss any awards or notable commendations the book received
·         Explain the library’s commitment to intellectual freedom as discussed in the ALA Library Bill of Rights
·         Give the patron the procedure for a formal challenge should they seek to pursue it

Why was this book selected:

This story is one that is unfolding all around us.  Each week, we are faced with headlines and videos of racially motivated situations, particularly involving black males and police.  This book is a way to discuss these heartbreaking incidents, and the value of the lives being lost.  It is also important to for young adult patrons to see characters reflecting their peer group, and struggling with the same issues with which they are struggling.

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